Thermally Induced Waves in Protoplanetary Disks and Their Implication for Planetary Formation

Physics

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Star Formation, Charge-Coupled Devices, Image Detectors, And Ir Detector Arrays, Interstellar Dust Grains, Diffuse Emission, Infrared Cirrus

Scientific paper

Protoplanetary disks heated by radiation from the central star are found to be unstable. We calculate the quasi-static thermal evolution of irradiated disks by directly integrating the optical depths to determine the optical surface and the total emitting area-filling factor of surface dust. We show that, in disks with modest mass accretion rates, thermal waves are spontaneously and continually excited in the outer disk, and propagate inward through the planet-forming domains. The viscous heating due to higher mass accretion stabilizes the instability. In passive protostellar disks, these waves induce a significant change in spectral energy distributions (SEDs). The transitory peaks and troughs in the potential vorticity distribution may also excite vortices in the planet-forming regions.

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