Thermal Equilibrium States of Europa's Ice Shell: Implications for Internal Ocean Thickness and Surface Heat Flow

Details Thermal Equilibrium States of Europa's Ice Shell: Implications for Internal Ocean Thickness and Surface Heat Flow Thermal Equilibrium States of Europa's Ice Shell: Implications for Internal Ocean Thickness and Surface Heat Flow

Mar 2002

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2002icar..156..143h&link_type=abstract

Icarus, Volume 156, Issue 1, pp. 143-151 (2002).

Physics

47

Scientific paper

Ice-shell thickness and ocean depth are calculated for steady state models of tidal dissipation in Europa's ice shell using the present-day values of the orbital elements. The tidal dissipation rate is obtained using a viscoelastic Maxwell rheology for the ice, the viscosity of which has been varied over a wide range, and is found to strongly increase if an (inviscid) internal ocean is present. To determine steady state values, the tidal dissipation rate is equated to the heat-transfer rate through the ice shell calculated from a parameterized model of convective heat transfer or from a thermal conduction model, if the ice layer is found to be stable against convection. Although high dissipation rates and heat fluxes of up to 300 mWm-2 are, in principle, possible for Europa, these values are unrealistic because the states for which they are obtained are thermodynamically unstable. Equilibrium models have surface heat flows around 20 mWm-2 and ice-layer thicknesses around 30 km, which is significantly less than the total thickness of the H2O-layer. These results support models of Europa with ice shells a few tens of kilometers thick and around 100-km-thick subsurface oceans. .

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