Physics
Scientific paper
Oct 2003
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2003adspr..32.1289f&link_type=abstract
Advances in Space Research, Volume 32, Issue 7, p. 1289-1296.
Physics
Scientific paper
We discuss the theoretical motivations for new long-range forces induced by spin-1 or spin-0 particles. They would add their effects to those of gravity and lead, because of their composition-dependence, to apparent violations of the Equivalence Principle, possibly at a detectable level.
The couplings of a new spin-1 gauge particle, the U boson, are obtained from gauge invariance, taking into account mixing effects with the Z boson. The corresponding charge is expressed as Q5 = xB + yL + zQel and, within grand-unification, is effectively proportional to the number of neutrons N. If the new force has a finite range λ, its effective intensity α is related to this range and to the extra-U(1) symmetry-breaking scale F, by a α ~ 1/(λ2F2).
Quite surprisingly, particle physics experiments can provide some constraints on such a new force, even if it is extremely weak. In fact, an ``equivalence theorem'' shows that a very light spin-1 U boson does not in general decouple when its gauge coupling vanishes, but behaves like a quasi-massless pseudoscalar. Particle physics experiments then constrain F to be larger than the electroweak scale.
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