The Undiscovered World: Cosmology from WMAP

Mathematics – Logic

Scientific paper

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Scientific paper

A prodigious burst of high-energy radiation was generated during the Big Bang. Today, this radiation is seen as a nearly uniform faint glow across the sky, now as low-energy microwaves due to the expansion of the universe over billions of years. Tiny temperature variations of the radiation across the sky were first discovered by NASA's Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) space mission in 1992. The Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) space mission, launched in 2001, has now mapped the temperature variations (anisotropy) of the cosmic microwave background radiation over the full sky with unprecedented accuracy and precision. The WMAP observations provide definitive answers to cosmological questions and open the door to new investigations. For example, the WMAP has determined that the content of the universe, dominated by dark matter and dark energy. The large-scale geometry of the universe is flat, in that the sum of the interior angles of a triangle adds up to 180 degrees even over vast distances. New limits are set on the mass of neutrinos and the nature (equation of state) of the dark energy. The WMAP results also place new limits on the physics of the very early universe, usually described in terms of Inflation theory: a rapid exponential expansion of the universe within a fraction of a second. Observations are on-going and will improve our understanding of the physics of the universe.

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