The structure of mass-loading shocks

Physics

Scientific paper

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Cometary Atmospheres, Interstellar Matter, Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence, Plasma Interactions, Solar Wind, Two Fluid Models, Mass Transfer, Shock Wave Interaction, Comets, Model, Mass Loading, Solar Wind, Interaction, Comae, Ions, Shock Waves, Pressure Gradient, Thickness, Diffusion, Calculations, Layers, Magnetohydrodynamics, Plasma, Flow, Scattering, Turbulence

Scientific paper

A new two-fluid model which describes mass loading in the solar wind (e.g., the interaction of the solar wind with a cometary coma or the local interstellar medium) is presented. The self-consistent back-reaction of the mass-loaded ions is included through their effective scattering in low-frequency MHD turbulence and the invocation of a diffusive approximation. Such an approximation has the advantage of introducing self-consistent dissipation coefficients into the governing equations, thereby facilitating the investigation of the internal structure of shocks in mass-loading environments. To illustrate the utility of the new model, we consider the structure of cometary shocks in the hypersonic one-dimensional limit, finding that the incoming solar wind is slowed by both mass loading and the development of a large cometary ion pressure gradient. The shock is broadened and smoothed by the cometary ions with a thickness of the order of the cometary ion diffusion scale.

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