Physics
Scientific paper
Oct 1997
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1997icar..129..539s&link_type=abstract
Icarus, Volume 129, Issue 2, pp. 539-554.
Physics
36
Scientific paper
To form planetary systems, small solid particles which condense out of the cooling gas of the primitive solar nebula must aggregate together to form larger bodies. Centimeter-sized particles can grow out of micrometer-sized grains; planets can form from the coagulation of kilometer-sized planetesimals. The formation of stable, long-lived kilometer-sized objects from centimeter-sized particles is, however, not so straightforward. Some sort of surface sticking force is needed to hold these aggregates together against rotational forces as well as collisions in a turbulent solar nebula. We have performed experiments to determine the surface sticking force of water frosts under a variety of ambient conditions. Our primary results are listed below. 1. The structure of the frost is critical in determining its sticking properties; thin, porous frosts are more likely to adhere than are thick, dense frosts. 2. Sticking forces range up to 250 dyn/mm^2. 3. Temperature fluctuations can increase the sticking force by significant amounts. 4. The frost bond acts like a spring: it stretches before breaking, with the displacement proportional to the applied force. Measured spring constants for many different water frosts cluster between 10^5 and 10^6 dyn cm^-1 (over a total area of 78 mm^2). Based on these findings, we suggest that frosts of volatiles such as water could provide the necessary surface sticking mechanism in some low-temperature regions of the solar nebula.
Bridges Frank G.
Lievore John
Lin Doug N. C.
Supulver Kimberley D.
Tiscareno Salvador
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