The rate of gravitational galaxy clustering

Computer Science – Numerical Analysis

Scientific paper

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Cosmology, Galactic Clusters, Gravitational Effects, Thermodynamic Equilibrium, Adiabatic Conditions, Galactic Evolution, Kinetic Energy, Numerical Analysis, Temperature Dependence

Scientific paper

The rate of gravitational galaxy clustering is considered within the framework of the simple but fundamental case when the initial distribution of galaxy positions is close to Poisson and most of the matter is closely associated with the galaxies. Simple gravitational clustering in an expanding universe is found to evolve along an adiabat of the equation of state which includes gravitational interactions. The faster the universe expands relative to its gravitational clustering time scale, the better this adiabatic approximation becomes. This generalizes the well-known result that a homogeneous unclustered perfect gas in an expanding universe evolves along an adiabat of the perfect gas equation of state. The evolving clustering is characterized. There is a critical value of 0.8604 at which clustering dominates the equation of state and the specific heat at constant volume becomes negative. Subsequent growth of clustering slows appreciably. Numerical N-body experiments are consistent with these properties.

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