The positive charge reservoir for sprite-producing lightning

Physics

Scientific paper

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Scientific paper

The close association of mesospheric sprites with positive ground flashes has led to the frequent assumption that positive charge is transferred from the top of a thunderstorm with positive-over-negative charge structure, from an altitude of 10 km or higher. Electrical and meteorological observations are reviewed which support a different picture: sprites are produced by laterally extensive mesoscale convective systems (MCS) in which the positive charge reservoir predominates in the 4-6 km ranges of altitude. The behavior of the surface electric field during the End-of-Storm Oscillation and the behavior of the vertical electric field above MCS during positive ground flashes both suggest a predominant in-cloud dipole moment with opposite polarity to that of the ordinary thundercloud. Lightning charge transfers of a few hundred Coulombs from the 4-6 km height range may be required for consistency with theories for sprite optical intensity and to account for ELF Q-burst intensity.

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