The NetLander mission: a geophysical network on the surface of Mars

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Scientific paper

The NetLander mission aims at deploying on the surface of Mars a network of four identical landers which will perform simultaneous measurements in order to study the internal structure of Mars, its subsurface, surface, atmosphere and ionosphere. Seismic measurements will evidence the main transitions (lithosphere-mantle-core) as well as mantle discontinuities and crustal structure. The geodetic measurements will allow to determine the state of the core, liquid or not, and to retrieve the density of the core and mantle. The magnetic experiment will retrieve the conductivity profile down to several hundred of kilometers depth, gathering information on temperature gradient and phase transitions. The search for ground water, liquid or solid, will be performed locally by three experiments: seismometers, magnetometers and a ground penetrating radar. Local geology and surface mineralogy will be investigated through a multispectral stereo panoramic camera. A dedicated package will study the thermal properties of the soil at the landing sites. The NetLander will investigate the atmospheric vertical structure at the entry sites, complementing the existing three profiles. The network's ability to measure spatial and seasonal variations of pressure and the near-surface relative humidity will provide an unprecedented opportunity to characterize the H2O cycle. The meteorological package will also provide data relevant to the initiation and evolution of dust processes. Ionospheric investigations, coming along mainly with radio science, radar and electromagnetic sounding, will allow studying ionization processes and monitoring both the large-scale and small-scale plasma variations. The NetLander is a CNES led European mission to be launched in 2007. The nine instruments forming the payload will be provided by space agencies and research laboratories from more than ten European countries and USA.

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