The Environment and Gas Kinematics of Low-Luminosity YSOs

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Scientific paper

We report on observations of H_2O masers toward several low luminosity, embedded far-infrared objects. Water maser monitoring with the Haystack 37m telescope and the NRAO 43m telescope shows dramatic variations of H_2O maser emission toward several sources on timescales of one month or less. Observations of these masers with very high angular resolution, using the NRAO VLA, allow us to pinpoint their positions with respect to cm and mm continuum emission, near-infrared sources, and high-velocity molecular gas. These embedded, low-luminosity sources are perhaps the youngest prestellar objects known. Associating the water masers directly with such objects allows us to establish that maser emission occurs early in the stellar evolution cycle. The velocities of the masers can be used as probes of the kinematics of the gas at higher angular resolution than is possible with other tracers, and their variability can give constraints upon the pumping mechanisms which can be related to physical conditions in the maser cloud. We will highlight several sources including the protobinary sources IRAS 16293-2422 and IRAS 4 in NGC1333, the very low luminosity mm continuum source VLA 16234-2417, and the exciting source for HH7-11, SSV13.

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