The decrease in upper-atmosphere density between 1957 and 1963, as revealed by satellite orbits

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Scientific paper

The density of the upper atmosphere at heights of 200-750 km is calculated from the rate of decrease of orbital period for 38 satellites at dates between October 1957 and January 1963. The air density at these heights is strongly linked with solar activity, and as solar activity declined between 1958 and 1962, the density decreased greatly, by a factor of about 5 at 400 km and about 30 at 600 km. At heights above 300 km the air density also varies greatly between night and day, with the day-time maximum exceeding the night-time minimum by a factor which in 1960 was greater than 10 at heights of 600-700 km, but in 1962 never exceeded 5.

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