The Dark Matter Inverse Problem: Extracting Particle Physics from Scattering Events

Physics – High Energy Physics – High Energy Physics - Phenomenology

Scientific paper

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31 pages, 14 figures

Scientific paper

The primary observable in dark matter direct detection is the spectrum of scattering events. We simulate multiple positive direct detection signals (on germanium, xenon, and argon targets) to explore the extent to which the underlying particle physics, manifested in the momentum dependence of the operator mediating the scattering, can be extracted. Taking into account realization (Poisson) noise, a single target nucleus with 300 events has limited power to discriminate operators with momentum dependence differing by $q^{\pm2}$ for a wide range of dark matter masses from 10 GeV to 1 TeV. With the inclusion of multiple targets (or a factor of several more events on a single target), the operator discrimination becomes very strong at the 95% C.L. for dark matter candidates of mass 50 GeV and above. On the other hand, operator discrimination remains poor for 10 GeV candidates until multiple experiments each collect 1000 or more events. We summarize our results with a figure of merit Y that is capable of discriminating the correct operator in a way that is largely insensitive to statistical effects.

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