Temporal gravity and height changes of the Yellowstone caldera, 1977-1994

Physics

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Geodesy And Gravity: Control Surveys, Geodesy And Gravity: Crustal Movements-Intraplate, Tectonophysics: Dynamics, Gravity And Tectonics, Volcanology: Instruments And Techniques

Scientific paper

This paper describes the longest record of gravity measurements in the area of the Yellowstone caldera, Wyoming. The temporal gravity changes, at the +/-12μGal (10-8ms-2) precision level, are compared with changes in heights from leveling and GPS. The gravity field decreased across the caldera from 1977 to 1983 during the uplift and attained a maximum decrease of up to -60+/-12μGal along the Caldera axis. The gravity field then reversed polarity to increasing values, of up to 60+/-12μGal between 1986 and 1993. The ratio between height and gravity changes varied during the entire time, but converged over the latter period following the free-air gravity gradient. General ground deformation deduced from leveling showed caldera-wide uplift of ~15mm/a during the period of gravity decrease, then from leveling and GPS, subsidence of ~25mm/a during the gravity increase.

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