Temperature-dependent Newtonian and non-Newtonian convection: Implications for lithospheric processes

Physics

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Convective Heat Transfer, Earth (Planet), Lithosphere, Rheology, Stresses, Structural Basins, Temperature Dependence, Viscosity, Surface Layers, Two Dimensional Models, Variations

Scientific paper

Convection studies of temperature-dependent Newtonian and non-Newtonian rheology in aspect-ratio seven boxes have been carried out for volume averaged Rayleigh numbers between O(10(exp 5)) and O(10(exp 7)) Large lateral viscosity variations, O(10(exp 4)) are found for non-Newtonian cases with total temperature-dependent viscosity variations up to 250. Flow structures for both rheologies are distinguished by large-scale circulations with relatively stable descending limbs. Much larger hot thermal anomalies are found near the surface for non-Newtonian rheology. Lithospheric thinning is facilitated by non-Newtonian rheology because of stress-softening and the lubrication of the descending limbs by hot diapirs.

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