Other
Scientific paper
Oct 1990
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1990dres.iafcr....c&link_type=abstract
IAF, International Astronautical Congress, 41st, Dresden, Federal Republic of Germany, Oct. 6-12, 1990. 17 p.
Other
Aerobraking, Earth Orbital Environments, Launch Vehicles, Lunar Flight, Manned Mars Missions, Lunar Surface, Mars Surface, Nasa Space Programs, Solar System
Scientific paper
Aerobraking is one of the largest contributors to making both lunar and Mars missions affordable. The use of aerobraking/aeroassist over all-propulsive approaches saves as much as 60 percent of the initial mass required in LEO, thus reducing the number and size of earth-to-orbit launch vehicles. Lunar transfer vehicles, which will be used to transport personnel and materials from LEO to lunar outposts, will aerobrake into earth's atmosphere at aproximately 11 km/sec on return from the lunar surface. Current plans for both manned and robotic missions to Mars use aerocapture during arrival at Mars and at earth return. At Mars, the entry velocities will range from about 6 to 9.5 km/sec, and at earth the return velocity will be about 12.5 to 14 km/sec. In order to successfully design aerobrakes to withstand the aerodynamic forces and heating associated with these entry velocities, as well as to make them efficient, several critical technologies must be developed. These are vehicle concepts and configurations, aerothermodynamics, thermal protection system materials, and guidance, navigation, and control systems. This paper describes the status of each of these technologies and outlines what must be accomplished in each area to meet the requirements of the Space Exploration Initiative.
Arnold James O.
Cooper David M.
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