Sunspot-cycle control of ionospheric and geomagnetic variations

Physics

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Scientific paper

Using two long-term geophysical time-series of ionospheric and geomagnetic measurements, made at substantially the same site, the seasonal and sunspot-cycle variations of the E-layer ionization and the intensity of the Sq overhead current have been compared. Expressing the E-layer ionization in terms of its critical penetration frequency, fE, it is found that (fE)2 = 10.2 [radical sign] cos[chi] (1 + 0.0039 R) where fE is measured in Mc/s, [chi] is the sun's zenith distance and R is the Zürich sunspot number. A corresponding investigation of the geomagnetic component Y of the Sq system leads to the relation Y = 60 cos[chi] (1 + 0.0039 R) The fact that the E-layer is the only stratum in the ionosphere whose sunspot-cycle variation is identical with the corresponding variation in Sq leads to the conclusion that the Sq overhead currents actually flow at the E-layer level.

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