Study of the mechanism of the influence of water on elastic wave propagation in amphibolites and some metamorphic rocks at high pressures and temperatures

Physics

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Scientific paper

An experimental study of the compressional and shear wave velocities (Vp and Vs) of amphibolite, granite, pyroxenite, serpentinite and obsidian at water pressures up to 500 MPa and temperatures up to 800°C has been conducted. The experiments were carried out in a gas apparatus with internal heating. Ultrasonic pulse transmission was used for measurement of elastic wave velocities.
The functions of Vp and Vs vs. temperature for amphibolite, obtained under water pressure, differ sharply from those for `dry' conditions with a minimum at 650°C. The change in elastic properties of rocks corresponds with both an increase and a decrease in microfracturing. An increase in temperature (above 650°C) results in a decrease in microfracturing, as a result of the closing of fractures. Among specific features of the rocks which underwent changes at 705°C, we must mention the appearance of acid volcanic glass, mostly in areas of sericitization. At 800°C the glass-like phase is frequently attained; it is readily visible and reaches 0.5-1.0% of the total volume.
Therefore, variation of fluid regime and temperature in the Earth's crust allows for the existence of both high-velocity and low-velocity layers within rocks of the same composition in regions with a high temperature gradient.

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