Other
Scientific paper
May 2006
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2006agusmsh43b..05l&link_type=abstract
American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2007, abstract #SH43B-05
Other
7513 Coronal Mass Ejections (2101), 7514 Energetic Particles (2114), 2114 Energetic Particles (7514)
Scientific paper
Measurements below several MeV/nucleon show that abundances of elements heavier than Ni (Z=28) can be enhanced relative to oxygen by factors of ~100 to 1000 (depending on species) in impulsive solar energetic particle (SEP) events, and large gradual events are often iron-rich and may contain admixtures of flare seed material. Recently, using the Solar Isotope Spectrometer (SIS) on NASA's ACE spacecraft, which measures the composition of energetic nuclei for elements up to ~Zr (Z=40) at energies from ~10 to >100 MeV/nucleon, we have reported detection of enhanced ultra-heavy (UH) abundances in SEP events above 10 MeV/nucleon, with resolved UH elements such as Zn, Ge and Se (Z=30, 32, and 34). We present further SIS observations of ultra-heavy SEPs that can be used to test models of acceleration and abundance enhancements in both gradual and impulsive events. By surveying the entire >8 years of ACE data, we determine the average SEP composition for elements from Z=30 to 40 and examine the time distribution of these nuclei to assess whether they arrived preferentially during gradual or impulsive events. We test whether iron-rich gradual events show noticeably larger UH enhancements than other gradual events (as expected if iron-rich events contain flare seed material), and we report cases of large excesses of UH elements in impulsive events. For example, at energies >10 MeV/nucleon, the event of 23 July 2004 had a (34
Cohen M. C.
Cummings Alan C.
Leske Richard A.
Mewaldt Richard A.
Stone Edward C.
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