Structure and strength of a continental transform from onshore-offshore seismic profiling of South Island, New Zealand

Details Structure and strength of a continental transform from onshore-offshore seismic profiling of South Island, New Zealand Structure and strength of a continental transform from onshore-offshore seismic profiling of South Island, New Zealand

Nov 2002

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2002ep%26s...54.1011s&link_type=abstract

Earth, Planets and Space, Volume 54, p. 1011-1019.

Physics

2

Scientific paper

Seismic images of deformation beneath South Island, New Zealand, are provided by a form of seismic exploration uniquely suited to the study of "continental islands" -- double-sided, onshore-offshore seismic methods in conjunction with onshore refraction and teleseismic P-wave delay data. Four sets of independent observations and analysis are use to infer rock properties within this plate boundary zone: seismic and electrical indications of high-fluid pressures within the crust; P-wave delays from teleseismic anisotropy to show a high-speed zone in the mantle directly below the crustal root; Pn anisotropy of 11 ± 3% distributed over a region > 100 km-wide; and an effective elastic thickness (Te) that is vanishingly small beneath the Southern Alps and surface outcrop of the Alpine Fault, but increases to values of Te > 20 km beyond the coastlines of the South Island. Together, these observations show that deformation in the crust and mantle becomes progressively wider with depth. A region of distributed deformation > 200 km wide is inferred for the upper mantle. We propose that the weakness and the wide zone of deformation are phenomena of plate boundaries where both strike-slip and convergence have persisted for several millions of years.

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