Stellar Interiors and Atmospheres in the Framework of the Gaia Mission

Physics

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Stars Fundamental Parameters, Atmospheres, Internal Structure, Evolution

Scientific paper

The understanding and modelling of the structure and evolution of stars is based on statistical physics as well as on hydrodynamics. Today, a precise identification and proper description of the physical processes taking place in stellar interiors are still lacking (one key point being that of transport processes) while the comparison of real stars to model predictions, which implies conversions from the theoretical space to the observational one, suffers from remaining uncertainties in model atmospheres. That results in uncertainties on the prediction of stellar properties needed for galactic studies or cosmology (in particular stellar ages and masses). In the years to come, considerable progress is expected in the field simultaneously from the theoretical, experimental and observational sides. The Gaia harvest will consist of complete and homogeneous astrometric, photometric and spectroscopic observations of hundreds of millions of stars spanning the whole ranges of masses, chemical compositions and evolutionary stages. I illustrate some of the difficulties to overcome and, on the basis of a few selected examples, I discuss how Gaia data associated with independent observational material (for example from asteroseismology or interferometry) will contribute to a better knowledge of stellar interiors and atmospheres and to more precise determinations of the stellar parameters.

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