Biology – Quantitative Biology – Molecular Networks
Scientific paper
2009-02-23
Biology
Quantitative Biology
Molecular Networks
27 pages, 24 figures; to appear in Phys. Rev. E
Scientific paper
10.1103/PhysRevE.79.031907
We investigate the selective forces that promote the emergence of modularity in nature. We demonstrate the spontaneous emergence of modularity in a population of individuals that evolve in a changing environment. We show that the level of modularity correlates with the rapidity and severity of environmental change. The modularity arises as a synergistic response to the noise in the environment in the presence of horizontal gene transfer. We suggest that the hierarchical structure observed in the natural world may be a broken symmetry state, which generically results from evolution in a changing environment. To support our results, we analyze experimental protein interaction data and show that protein interaction networks became increasingly modular as evolution proceeded over the last four billion years. We also discuss a method to determine the divergence time of a protein.
Deem Michael W.
He Jiankui
Sun Jun
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