Physics – High Energy Physics – High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Scientific paper
2008-12-11
Physics
High Energy Physics
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
104 pages, 43 figures, intended for non-experts, accepted by Rep. Progr. Phys.; references updated, typos corrected, minor cha
Scientific paper
The proton is a composite object with spin one-half, understood to contain highly relativistic spin one-half quarks exchanging spin-one gluons, each possibly with significant orbital angular momenta. While their fundamental interactions are well described by Quantum ChromoDynamics (QCD), our standard theory of the strong interaction, nonperturbative calculations of the internal structure of the proton based directly on QCD are beginning to provide reliable results. Most of our present knowledge of the structure of the proton is based on experimental measurements interpreted within the rich framework of QCD. An area presently attracting intense interest, both experimental and theoretical, is the relationship between the spin of the proton and the spins and orbital angular momenta of its constituents. While remarkable progress has been made, especially in the last decade, the discovery and investigation of new concepts have revealed that much more remains to be learned. This progress is reviewed and an outlook for the future is offered.
Burkardt Matthias
Miller Charles A.
Nowak Wolf-Dieter
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