Space helium refrigerator

Physics – Optics

Scientific paper

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Closed Cycles, Cooling Systems, Cryogenic Cooling, Helium, Spaceborne Telescopes, Cassegrain Optics, Gas Cooling, Operating Temperature, Refrigerators, Salyut Space Station, Stirling Cycle

Scientific paper

Design studies and flight tests of an automatic closed-cycle three-cascade helium refrigerator are presented. Intended for cooling submillimeter telescope detectors to 4.4 K on the orbital station Salyut-6, the cryogenic system is based on the Joule-Thomson cooling effect, with two gas cooling machines operating under the Stirling cycle for preliminary cooling levels of 80 K and 20 K. Power requirements are less than 1.5 kW, while providing useful refrigeration of 0.5 W. Results of two years of flight tests indicate successful operation, including the merits of high accuracy and stability in maintaining operation temperature, short cool-down period, high efficiency, reliability and simplicity of operation.

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