Solar Proton Events for 450 Years: The Carrington Event in Perspective

Details Solar Proton Events for 450 Years: The Carrington Event in Perspective Solar Proton Events for 450 Years: The Carrington Event in Perspective

May 2004

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2004agusmsh51b..04s&link_type=abstract

American Geophysical Union, Spring Meeting 2004, abstract #SH51B-04

Physics

2118 Energetic Particles, Solar, 7514 Energetic Particles (2114), 7536 Solar Activity Cycle (2162)

Scientific paper

Using the impulsive nitrate measurements in polar ice as identifiers of solar proton events in the past, we have identified 19 events over the period 1561-1950 that equal or exceed the >30 MeV fluence measured during the August 1972 and October 1989 events. The largest nitrate deposition (and largest solar proton fluence above 30 MeV) occurred in late 1859 in time association with the Carrington flare of September 1859. The Carrington flare occurred near the central meridian of the sun; the interplanetary disturbance associated with the solar activity rapidly traveled toward the earth resulting in an extremely large geomagnetic storm commencing within 17.1 hours of the visual observation of the solar flare. While this event was remarkable by itself, historical records indicate that the Carrington event was part of a sequence of solar activity as an active region traversed the solar disk. We compare the derived solar proton fluence for the Carrington event of 18.8 x 10**9 above 30 MeV with the solar proton fluence from more recent episodes of solar activity.

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