Reply to Comment by E. R. Williams on ``Twentieth century secular in the atmospheric gradient''

Physics

Scientific paper

Rate now

  [ 0.00 ] – not rated yet Voters 0   Comments 0

Details

4

Meteorology And Atmospheric Dynamics: Atmospheric Electricity, Global Change: Atmosphere (0315, 0325), Global Change: Solar Variability

Scientific paper

A substantial long-term increase in solar activity, with an associated decrease in cosmic rays, is generally accepted to have occurred during the twentieth century [Lockwood et al., 1999]. Cosmic rays are known to modulate the global atmospheric electric circuit through changes in the ionospheric potential, and a decrease in the global atmospheric electric circuit is therefore expected in response to the solar activity increase [Harrison, 2002]. Whether this has been observed in the long series [Harrison, 2003] of surface Potential Gradient (PG) observations at Eskdalemuir, Scotland is questioned by Earle Williams because of: (1) the likely overestimate of stratospheric conductivity changes inferred from a cosmic ray proxy, (2) twentieth century air pollution changes in the UK, (3) the absolute magnitude and (4) absence of solar modulation in the PG at Eskdalemuir. These points are addressed in turn.

No associations

LandOfFree

Say what you really think

Search LandOfFree.com for scientists and scientific papers. Rate them and share your experience with other people.

Rating

Reply to Comment by E. R. Williams on ``Twentieth century secular in the atmospheric gradient'' does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this scientific paper.

If you have personal experience with Reply to Comment by E. R. Williams on ``Twentieth century secular in the atmospheric gradient'', we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Reply to Comment by E. R. Williams on ``Twentieth century secular in the atmospheric gradient'' will most certainly appreciate the feedback.

Rate now

     

Profile ID: LFWR-SCP-O-1669849

  Search
All data on this website is collected from public sources. Our data reflects the most accurate information available at the time of publication.