Physics
Scientific paper
Dec 1977
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1977pepi...15..315b&link_type=abstract
Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, Volume 15, Issue 4, p. 315-340.
Physics
4
Scientific paper
Seismic source parameters of 27 earthquakes in the magnitude range 7.0-8.5 that occurred during 1906-1969 and that were determined mostly from inversion of long-period seismic surface waves in the period range 100-200 s are re-examined. Among these are five re-evaluations (Chile, May 1960; Sanriku, March 1933; Assam, August 1950; Alaska, July 1958; Alaska, March 1964) and six new analyses (Aleutian Ils., March 1957; Peru, Nov. 1947; New Guinea, Feb. 1938; Queen Charlotte Ils., August 1949; San Francisco, April 1906; Kern County, July 1952). It is shown both theoretically and experimentally that the strong azimuthal dependence of the far displacement field makes the 20-s magnitude vulnerable to uncertainties up to 2/3 unit of magnitude. These uncertainties are inherent in the magnitude definition, depend on the azimuth of the observer and are unremovable. A remedy is offered in the form of a new magnitude scale, based on the cube root of the potency (product of fault area S and average slip U). In the magnitude range 6.75-8.5 this scale is centigrade. It is shown that (US)1/3 is the ``azimuth-free'' part of the Richter magnitude and its adoption as a basis for a new magnitude scale may rid observations of azimuthal ambiguities.
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