Physics – Space Physics
Scientific paper
2011-05-11
Ann.Geophys.29:1259-1265,2011
Physics
Space Physics
7 pages, paper appeared in Ann Geophys., in the printed version the sums should be replaced by products as here in this arXiv-
Scientific paper
10.5194/anngeo-29-1259-2011
We investigate the transformation of the distribution function in the relativistic case, a problem of interest in plasma when particles with high (relativistic) velocities come into play as for instance in radiation belt physics, in the electron-cyclotron maser radiation theory, in the vicinity of high-Mach number shocks where particles are accelerated to high speeds, and generally in solar and astrophysical plasmas. We show that the phase-space volume element is a Lorentz constant and construct the general particle distribution function from first principles. Application to thermal equilibrium lets us derive a modified version of the isotropic relativistic thermal distribution, the modified J\"uttner distribution corrected for the Lorentz-invariant phase-space volume element. Finally, we discuss the relativistic modification of a number of plasma parameters. Keywords: Relativistic invariance of the one-particle distribution function, J\"uttner distribution, relativistic plasma parameters
Baumjohann Wolfgang
Nakamura Riou
Treumann Rudolf A.
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