Relationship between X-shaped radio sources and double-double radio galaxies

Computer Science

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Galaxy mergers produce supermassive binary black holes (SMBBHs) at galactic centres, which have been suggested to form the double-double radio lobes (DDRGs) and X-shaped radio morphology of some radio galaxies in literature. In this paper, we statistically investigate the DDRGs and X-shaped radio galaxies and their relationship, basing on the SMBBH model. We compile the samples of DDRG and X-shaped radios from literature and collect the radio power, projected linear size, and projected position angles of the radio or optical structures. We estimate the central black hole mass and bolometric luminosity, and calculate the dimensionless accretion rate. We find that both the DDRGs and the X-shaped sources belong to low luminous FRII radio galaxies with very low accretion rate. Both the outer lobes in DDRGs and the wings in X-shaped sources are nearly perpendicular to the galactic disk, while the active lobes of DDRGs and X-shaped radio sources have random inclination angle with respect to the galactic disk. Both the outer radio lobes of DDRGs and the wings of the X-shaped radio galaxies are the relics of previous activities in SMBBH model. We discuss our results basing on the models proposed in literature, and find that only the SMBBH-accretion disk interaction model is consistent with the results.

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