Physics
Scientific paper
Aug 2001
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2001icrc....4.1517b&link_type=abstract
Proceedings of the 27th International Cosmic Ray Conference. 07-15 August, 2001. Hamburg, Germany. Under the auspices of the Int
Physics
Scientific paper
A telescope of two coaxial scintillation detectors (an upper ∅63x0.35 mm 2 thin CsI crystal and a lower thick ∅150x100 mm 2 NaI crystal) positioned vertically on the Earth surface has recorded 23 events within T=106 hours. All the events (except for three background events) are within two standard deviations from a curve calculated for singl?-charged non-relativistic particles with mass ME = (175±25) GeV/c 2 that traverse the telescope from a vertical. On assumption that the particles recorded are not relativistic, from the geometrical size of the telescope it follows that their lifetime is τE>1.5·10 -9 s. Their intensity in cosmic rays on the Earth surface JE = (1.8±0.4)10 -6 cm -2 sr -1 s -1 (at EE≤6 GeV, PE≤50 GeV/c). This particles recorded conform completely to our phenomenological predictions, to our earlier experimental results obtained when searching for particles like those, and to the predictions of the «mirror» model that offers theoretical support to the existence of the hypothetical stable heavy hadrons (Erzions). INTRODUCTION. The hypothesis about new penetrating stable heavy hadrons [1,2] was proposed to explain the anomalous slope of cosmic muon energy spectra [3,4,5]. Many of the characteristics of the hypothesized hadrons (mass, charge, lifetime, intensity, nuclear interaction mode, interaction and absorption paths) were predicted phenomenologically to harmonize the very copious anomalous and ordinary experimental cosmic ray data and to make them consistent. There are many different experiments in cosmic rays, which indicate on existence of stable heavy particles [6-15], but there are no any simple and correct proofs until now. Later, we made attempts to find them experimentally [16-21] and to construct a model that would offer a theoretical support to their long lifetime (τ>10 -5 s), given their very high mass (M>30 GeV/c 2 ). The pioneer attempts were made using the super symmetrical model [22], but the use of the «mirror» model U(1)xSUl(2)xSUr(2)xSU(3)[23-24] proved to be more successful. The present-day standard models [25] fail to explain that long time of the heavy elementary particles in terms of weak interaction. The theoretical ideas about the structure of hypothetical heavy hadrons, given a better understanding of their interaction mode, have permitted the heavy hadron search experiments to be designed more consistently on the basis of the purpose-oriented underground facility of the Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Moscow State University (40 m.w.e., SΩ~10 3 cm 2 sr). The facility consists of a continuous-medium vertical magnetic spectrometer (Pmax=700 GeV/c) and six rows of large-area (S=2·10 4 cm 2 ) plastic scintillators positioned beneath the spectrometer to detect particle stoppages. The facility has operated for ˜200 hours and detected three appropriate events of the sought particles (JE≅4·10 -8 cm -2 sr -1 c -1 ), which we interpreted at that time to be background events [18-19]. INSTALLATION. For different reasons, unfortunately, the experiments with the secondand third-generation equipment [20-21], which was cheaper and simpler in use, have failed to yield any positive results. In this work we have realized the simplest fourth-generation equipment to search for stopped heavy charged particles in cosmic rays. The experimental facility is a vertical telescope composed of a pair of coincidence-mode scintillation detectors (SD) (see Fig.1). The upper detector, SD1, is a thin CsI crystal (∅63x0.35 mm 2 ) coupled to a PM-110 photomultiplier; the lower detector, SD2, is a thick NaI single crystal (∅150x100 mm 2 ) coupled to a PM-49 photomultiplier. High voltage is supplied from a BNV3-0,5 source to PM-110 and from the SBS-50M analyser chip (see below) to PM-49 (see Fig.1).
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