Reflected ions upstream of a curved quasi-perpendicular shock

Physics

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Scientific paper

Self-consistent data from two-dimensional hybrid simulations are used to investigate the reflection of solar wind ions (protons and alphas) by a curved quasi-perpendicular shock created by a small planetary obstacle having typically the size of Mars or slightly larger. All incoming alpha particles are transmitted downstream of the shock and reflected alphas are not observed in these simulations. A few percent of incoming protons are reflected on one side of the shock depending upon the orientation of the motional electric field of the solar wind as expected from theoretical considerations. The localisation of the reflection process is illustrated by maps of the acceleration sites built from the analysis of the self-consistent motion of the ions. The flux of reflected protons versus energy is exponential with a characteristic energy depending mainly upon the velocity of the solar wind and only slightly upon the size of the obstacle for the investigated range of sizes. Coarse pitch-angle distributions of reflected protons will also be presented.

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