QSOs winds and star formation: X-ray and sub-millimetre observations of star forming QSOs in the epoch of galaxy formation

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The present day relationship between the masses of galaxy bulges and the massive black holes at their centres tells us that star formation and the growth of the black hole by accretion must be intimately linked. The most promising explanation for this correlation is that a strong wind from the AGN terminates the growth of stellar and black hole components by driving the interstellar medium out into intergalactic space, so enriching and heating the intergalactic medium. In the years leading up to the launch of Herschel, ground based sub-millimetre observations combined with X-ray surveys have shown that a subset of luminous QSOs, those with significant X-ray absorption (despite their strong UV emission), are embedded in powerful star-forming sub-millimetre galaxies. I will present the XMM-Newton spectroscopy which implicates highly-ionised winds in the role of X-ray absorber in these objects, and discuss the QSO/star formation evolutionary-sequence suggested by these observations. I will move on to describe the results obtained from the Herschel Multi-tiered Extragalactic Survey (HerMES) observations of the Chandra Deep Field North which pairs the deepest sub-millimetre images ever obtained with one of the two deepest X-ray survey exposures ever taken. The Herschel data provide the first sensitive glimpse into the far-infrared and star formation properties of a large part of the AGN population at cosmological distances. With Herschel SPIRE we identify star formation in a much greater fraction of AGN than in pre-Herschel observations. The association of X-ray absorption with star-forming QSO host galaxies is found to extend well below the break in the luminosity function of QSOs. We discuss the implications of these findings with respect to the co-evolution of galaxies and the black holes that reside in their centres.

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