Programmable Multimode Quantum Networks

Details Programmable Multimode Quantum Networks Programmable Multimode Quantum Networks

2012-01-29

arxiv.org/abs/1201.6024v1

Physics

Quantum Physics

9 pages, 5 figures (including Supplementary Material)

Scientific paper

Entanglement between large numbers of quantum modes is the quintessential resource for quantum information processing and future applications such as the quantum internet. Conventionally the generation of multimode entanglement in optics requires complex layouts of beam-splitters and phase shifters in order to transform the input modes in to entangled modes. These networks need substantial modification for every new set of entangled modes to be generated. Further, the complexity grows rapidly with the number of entangled modes as the number of detectors, phase locks and optical components needs to be increased. Here we report on the highly efficient and versatile generation of various multimode entangled states within one optical beam. By defining our modes to be combinations of different spatial regions of the beam, we may use just one pair of multi-pixel detectors and one local oscillator to measure an orthogonal set of modes. The transformation of this set into a desired set of entangled modes is calculated ahead of time via a programmable virtual network of beam-splitters and phase shifters. The transformation is then applied during detection in real time. This enables us to change the set of measured entangled modes via software only, optimizing the network for the desired outputs without modifying the optical setup. The virtual networks are fully equivalent to the physical linear optics networks they are emulating. We show that up to N-mode entanglement is measurable given just one pair of detectors each with N photodiodes, and demonstrate N=2 up to N=8 modes here. Our approach introduces flexibility and scalability to multimode entanglement, two important attributes that are presently lacking in state of the art devices.

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