Processes influencing the diurnal variation of the AL index and its reliability

Physics

Scientific paper

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Diurnal Variations, Geomagnetism, Magnetic Variations, Annual Variations, Auroral Electrojets, Electron Precipitation, Summer, Winter

Scientific paper

The average daily diurnal variation of the AL index is studied for each month for the years from 1966 to 1974. It is shown that near the winter solstice, there is a diurnal oscillation with an amplitude of 45% of the mean, while the amplitude diminishes to about 10% of the mean near the summer solstice. A physical model based on observational data concerning auroral electron precipitation is developed, and it is postulated that electron precipitation is the dominant cause of ionization responsible for the conduction of the westward electrojet. Model predictions are consistent with the observed pattern of change of the average AL and with the change in frequency with which the stations contribute to the determination of the AL index between solstices. It is concluded that AL is best suited for estimates of the westward electrojet on a continuous basis during spring and summer months.

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