Preparation for Mars sample return: search for biosignatures and prebiotic chemistry on Mars

Biology

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Mars: Life, Meteorites

Scientific paper

A pluri-disciplinary group of biologists, chemists and astronomers emerged in France as a result of two workshops organized by the CSEEM (Comité Scientifique d'Etude des Echantillons Martiens - Scientific Community for the study of Martian Sample) in June 1999 and January 2000. The purpose of our group is to investigate the various steps of the analysis of both the soluble and the insoluble organic fractions in Martian samples. These studies concern mainly (1) the development of high performance analytical tools and the definition of an analytical protocol allowing to attain these objectives with tiny samples, (2) the integration of these analyses in the quarantine phase. At the present time, our work is devoted to the compilation of potential biomarkers that may be used to search for extinct or extant life on Mars as well as molecules that may be considered as tracers of prebiotic chemistry. Based on knowledge of terrestrial biomarkers and of their potential of preservation, some molecules will be selected. An analytical protocol will thus be designed and tested on various samples like Martian meteorites. The development of new analytical tools is also in progress to analyze carbonaceous meteorites and micrometeorites. The main objective is to improve sensitivity. The latter studies are tightly related to those on Martian samples since interplanetary matter should be abundant at the surface of Mars.

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