Physics
Scientific paper
Dec 2006
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2006agufmmr53d..07s&link_type=abstract
American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2006, abstract #MR53D-07
Physics
3924 High-Pressure Behavior, 3944 Shock Wave Experiments, 5420 Impact Phenomena, Cratering (6022, 8136), 6022 Impact Phenomena (5420, 8136), 6240 Meteorites And Tektites (1028, 3662)
Scientific paper
Basalt is the most common rock type on planetary surfaces. Shock wave experiments constrain the equation of state of rocks and minerals and provide fundamental information about the outcome of planetary impact events. We present the results from simultaneous infrared pyrometry (multi-band and infrared imaging) and velocity interferometry on Columbia River Basalt. After release from peak shock pressures between 2 and 45~GPa, free surface thermal emission temperatures range from 440~K to >1200~K. The emission measurements show a departure from a quasi-single temperature surface above about 13~GPa, where, at pressures well below that required for bulk melting of basalt, emission temperatures ≥1500~K are detected. In this pressure range, partial melting in fractures and pores produce a bimodal temperature distribution comprised of a continuum and hot spots. The area fraction of stress concentration hot spots increases monotonically with shock pressure. In addition, the free surface particle velocities indicate a steep release pressure-volume path due to phase changes. The inferred hot spot distributions are in excellent agreement with petrographic studies of localized melting and generation of high pressure phases in basaltic meteorites from Mars shocked to similar pressures. However, the measured continuum temperatures in Columbia River basalts are >100~K higher than inferred for Martian meteorites. The measured shock temperature distributions directly illustrate the heterogeneous nature of shock processing in natural materials.
Furlanetto M. R.
Kennedy G. B.
Obst Andrew W.
Seifter Achim
Stewart Sarah T.
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