Planetary nebulae. II

Physics – Atomic Physics

Scientific paper

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Emission Spectra, Planetary Nebulae, Stellar Envelopes, Stellar Radiation, Atomic Physics, Free Electrons, Line Spectra, Spectrum Analysis, Stellar Luminosity

Scientific paper

The generation mechanisms of the emission spectrum of planetary-nebula shells are characterized, and its most important features are presented: the allowed lines of H, He, C, N, O, and Ne; certain forbidden lines of O, Ne, S, and Ar; the correlation between certain strong, allowed lines of O III and Ne III and the He II line at 4686 A; and the continuousness of the spectrum, especially below 3650 A. The quality and quantity of incident radiation necessary to induce emission are determined. While the free electrons of the PNS are found to be of insufficient energy to cause emission, consideration of the effects of the central-star radiation field on shell atoms shows that the allowed lines and most of the continuous spectrum arise from the recombination of the free electrons and ions generated by central-star radiation, but that the forbidden lines and the O/Ne/He correlation are not caused by this radiation. The ionization of the shell is seen as responsible for the fact that a shell appears much brighter than its central star.

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