Nov 1977
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1977p%26ss...25.1037t&link_type=abstract
Planetary and Space Science, vol. 25, Nov. 1977, p. 1037-1043.
Physics
3
Atmospheric Models, Boundary Layer Transition, Longitudinal Waves, Magnetospheric Electron Density, Very Low Frequencies, Whistlers, Hydrogen Ions, Plasmapause, Ray Tracing, Satellite Antennas, Spacecraft Communication, Spectrograms, Wave Propagation
Scientific paper
A magnetospheric model referred to as the Transition Level Gradient (TLG) model is developed on the basis of the observation that the altitude of the transition level increases toward the plasmapause. Several ground-based observations of prolongitudinal-mode (PL-mode) whistlers are accounted for by ray tracing in a TLG model that is consistent with satellite-measured magnetospheric electron densities. The results are shown to confirm the previous conclusion that both ducted and PL-mode propagation are needed to account adequately for all ground-observed whistlers. It is concluded that PL whistlers exist, occur on the ground, and are a direct consequence of latitudinal electron-density gradients in the plasmasphere caused by a latitudinally varying transition level. PL ground whistlers are deduced to have linear Q at low frequencies (below 15 kHz), to have nose frequencies greater than 16 kHz, and to occur only at night during or immediately following disturbed magnetic activity.
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