PIN-photodiode based pixel architecture for high-speed optical distance measurement systems

Details PIN-photodiode based pixel architecture for high-speed optical distance measurement systems PIN-photodiode based pixel architecture for high-speed optical distance measurement systems

Oct 2005

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2005spie.5964..135o&link_type=abstract

Advances in Optical Thin Films II. Edited by Amra, Claude; Kaiser, Norbert; Macleod, H. Angus. Proceedings of the SPIE, Volume

Physics

Scientific paper

Contact-less optical distance measurement systems are necessary to obtain 3D-information of an entire scene. To be able to determine depth information of the scene by a sensor without moving parts like e.g. scanner, it is necessary to measure the distance from the camera to an object in every single pixel. A new pixel for such a 3D-camera is presented. The operating principle is based on the time-of-flight (TOF) of laser light from a modulated light source to a diffuse reflecting object and back to the receiver IC. The receiver is implemented as an opto-electronic integrated circuit (OEIC). It consists of a fast, efficient PIN-photodiode having a 3dB bandwidth of about 1.35 GHz, a single-stage transimpedance amplifier and an electronic mixer on a single silicon chip. By correlating the received optical signal and the original electronic modulation signal, the phase-shift between sent and received signal can be determined. By performing correlation with a delayed modulation signal it is possible to eliminate the influence of object reflectivity and background illumination. The measurement time for a single distance measurement is 500μs for a range up to 3.7m. The standard deviation at 2.5m is better than 3cm for a transmitted optical power of 1.44mW at a wavelength of 650nm. The OEIC was fabricated in a slightly modified BiCMOS 0.6μm process. The diameter of the photosensitive area of the integrated PIN-photodiode is 100μm. The effective pixel size is about 220x400μm2. Therefore a fill factor of ~9% is reached.

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