Phase equilibria trigger for explosive volcanic eruptions

Details Phase equilibria trigger for explosive volcanic eruptions Phase equilibria trigger for explosive volcanic eruptions

Apr 2008

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2008georl..3508309f&link_type=abstract

Geophysical Research Letters, Volume 35, Issue 8, CiteID L08309

Physics

1

Volcanology: Explosive Volcanism, Volcanology: Thermodynamics (0766, 1011, 3611), Volcanology: Physics And Chemistry Of Magma Bodies, Volcanology: Eruption Mechanisms And Flow Emplacement, Volcanology: Magma Migration And Fragmentation

Scientific paper

A mechanism for explosive volcanic eruptions based on multicomponent phase equilibria modelling of four explosive volcanic systems is proposed. In each system, either isochoric or isobaric crystallization, where either crystals or crystals and exsolved fluid are chemically fractionated from melt, leads inevitably to near-solidus dynamical instability culminating in violent explosive eruption. Driving this instability is a dramatic increase in the volume fraction of fluid bubbles in the magma exceeding the limit for magma fragmentation. This phenomenon is independent of magma decompression. Country rock may be weak, allowing magma to remain in lithostatic equilibrium with its host rock, or strong, leading to divergence of magma and lithostatic pressure. Bubbles may be retained or expelled during crystallization. Instability is the inevitable outcome of crystallization at shallow levels in the crust for all four systems, regardless of the mechanical state of host country rock. We speculate that this phase equilibria mechanism driving explosive eruptions has general significance.

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