Pattern selection in thermal convection - Experimental results in an annulus

Mathematics

Scientific paper

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Annuli, Free Boundaries, Free Convection, Interfacial Tension, Marangoni Convection, Oils, Air, Branching (Mathematics), Mercury (Metal), Prandtl Number, Rayleigh Number, Silicon, Surface-Tension-Driven Instability

Scientific paper

Thermal convection is experimentally studied in an annular cell with free-free boundary conditions: a silicon oil floating on mercury and in contact with air. Surface tension forces are comparable to buoyancy forces in driving the convection. The transition to a cellular pattern of rolls is via a forward bifurcation. Above the onset there is a broad band of stable roll patterns differing in their wavelength. Inserting a radial wall in the cell reduces considerably the band of stable patterns and modulates their wavelength.

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