Particle channels in the solar wind: Magnetic Field Fluctuations, Wave Refraction and Dissipation

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Buttighofer has reported the existence of "channels" in the solar wind through which solar energetic particles can propagate almost scatter-free. We draw attention to an event observed by the ACE spacecraft on May 11 1999 that has many of the characteristics of Buttighofer's channels. The ACE event is known as `The Day the Solar Wind (Almost) Disappeared'. During this unusual rarefaction event, the solar wind density dropped by almost 2 orders of magnitude relative to the value that is typically seen at ACE. However, the magnetic field remained almost constant during the rarefaction. The most striking feature of the magnetic field as measured by ACE was the fact that the r.m.s. (root mean square) field fluctuations dropped to unusually low values (about 0.1 nT). These low r.m.s. values are reminiscent of the behavior reported by Buttighofer in the particle channels. Moreover, the fluctuations that remained in the ACE rarefaction region were found to be significantly more transverse to the mean field than usual, again analogous to a feature reported by Buttighofer in the channels. We suggest that the phenomenon of refraction allows us to understand the properties of the magnetic fluctuations inside the ACE rarefaction region, and by extension, in the Buttighofer particle channels as well.

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