Particle Acceleration at Fluid Compressions and What That Teaches Us about Shock Acceleration

Physics

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Scientific paper

Particle acceleration at shocks and fluid compressions is examined by numerically solving pitch angle transport equations for various magnetic field angles. The recently discovered jump in the steady-state particle density just upstream of an oblique shock is much stronger for lower energy particles or greater shock obliquity. For narrow, oblique compressions the analogous feature is a peak in particle density in the compression region. We refer to both as "mirroring peaks" because for a compression we clearly see that the peak arises from magnetic mirroring and reflection of particles. Steady-state spectra of particles accelerated at an oblique shock or compression are hardened at low energy in association with the mirroring peak; magnetic mirroring leads to more effective acceleration. The spectral index at a given particle energy increases approximately linearly with compression width. Steady-state spectra from compression regions can also harden at high energy.

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