Pahoehoe Flows with a'a Margins: Surface Morphology, Emplacement Styles, and Fractal Dimensions

Details Pahoehoe Flows with a'a Margins: Surface Morphology, Emplacement Styles, and Fractal Dimensions Pahoehoe Flows with a'a Margins: Surface Morphology, Emplacement Styles, and Fractal Dimensions

Dec 2002

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2002agufm.p71a0437l&link_type=abstract

American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2002, abstract #P71A-0437

Physics

8429 Lava Rheology And Morphology, 8450 Planetary Volcanism (5480)

Scientific paper

Using the structured-walk technique described by Bruno et al. [1994], we determined the fractal dimensions of the margins of the following lava flows erupted from the East Rift Zone of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii: the 1960 Kapoho flow, the 1970, 1972, and 1974 Mauna Ulu flows, and the 1990 Kalapana flow.
Previous work determined that Hawaiian a'a lava-flow margins have fractal dimensions (D) of 1.05-1.09, whereas for pahoehoe lava-flow margins, D = 1.14-1.23. Our work emphasizes that the fractal dimensions of flow margins do not define the surface flow morphology; but rather lava emplacement style or mechanism. A'a flows are commonly channeled, or emplaced as a single continuous lobe, and pahoehoe flows are ordinarily emplaced as a complex network of interconnected lobes. Thus, a flow with a'a surface morphology may have had a pahoehoe-like emplacement yielding a fractal dimension that falls in the pahoehoe range. For example, the surface of the 1960 Kapoho flow clearly displays an a'a morphology: the margin displays D = 1.1805; r2 = 0.9851. This dimension falls within the pahoehoe range indicating that this flow was emplaced via a complicated lobe network.
Similarly, margins of individual channeled pahoehoe lobes within the 1972 Mauna Ulu flow were measured. A lateral margin gave D = 1.0821 with r2 = 0.9722; a terminal margin yielded D = 1.0597 with r2 = 0.9178. The fractal dimensions of both these pahoehoe lobes fall within the a'a range because they were emplaced as a single, channeled unit. These examples illustrate the dominance of internal dynamics of the flow over the surface texture in generating a lava-flow margin

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