Outgassing of icy bodies in the Solar System - The influence of surface dust layers on the sublimation of H2O ice

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The absorption of solar radiation by surface layers of icy bodies in the Solar System (such as icy satellites, Mars and comets) leads to a sublimation of the icy constituents and alters the surface properties. While the energy absorption and its distribution inside the surface layers are not fully understood in detail, there is observational evidence of the formation of nonvolatile surface dust layers and sublimation beneath the residuals of the surface layers (Prialnik and Bar- Nun, 1988; Kömle, 1992; Sunshine et al., 2007). The formation of a non-volatile surface dust layer further decreases the sublimation rate of the icy constituents. Gas molecules escaping through the residuals are scattered by the dust particles, which can lead to a collimation of the gas flux. As a consequence, loose dust particles can be ejected by the gas drag of the outflowing gas.

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