Optimum Configuration of Determining the Gravitational Constant G with Four Attracting Masses

Details Optimum Configuration of Determining the Gravitational Constant G with Four Attracting Masses Optimum Configuration of Determining the Gravitational Constant G with Four Attracting Masses

Dec 2002

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2002nmgm.meet.1788l&link_type=abstract

"THE NINTH MARCEL GROSSMANN MEETING On Recent Developments in Theoretical and Experimental General Relativity, Gravitation and R

Physics

Scientific paper

The absolute value of gravitational constant G acts as an important role in physics, but it is the least precise one among the fundamental physical constants [1], although a lot of scientists have devoted themselves into the measurement of it. The 1998 CODATA value for G had an uncertainty of 1500 parts per million (ppm)[2,3]. We have determined G with 105 ppm by means of a high-Q torsion pendulum and the time-of-swing method in 1999 [4]. In order to improve the experimental precision of determining G, we have studied the physical properties of the torsion pendulum [5-9]. The uncertainty in determining the positions and the geometries of the attracting and the attracted masses is one of the most important error sources, and it usually contributes a large part to the value of G. In order to reduce this uncertainty, a proper configuration should be selected. With the time-of-swing method, there are two configurations for the attracting masses, i.e. the near and far position configurations. The far position configuration can reduce the experimental uncertainty due to the separation between the attracted masses if the Helmholtz point is chosen, which has been discussed by Speake in detail [10]. However, there is no such character in the near position configuration. Usually, the signal of the near position is one order in magnitude larger than that of the far position, and that is why the conventional near position was adopted by the most of experimenters although there is no Helmholtz point. It is noted that the gravitational torque will increase with the attracted masses separation increasing if the attracting masses are put in the outer space of the attracted masses in near position, while the torque will decrease with the attracted masses separation increasing if the attracting masses are put in the inner space. Therefore, if two couples of attracting masses are put in both outer and inner spaces of the attracted masses, respectively, the signals of two couples attracting masses will superpose while the noise due to the uncertainty of the attracted masses separation could be compensated ...

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