Physics – Quantum Physics
Scientific paper
2000-09-28
Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 5098 (2000)
Physics
Quantum Physics
4 pages, 4 figures, journal version
Scientific paper
10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.5098
We derive the optimal N-photon two-mode input state for obtaining an estimate \phi of the phase difference between two arms of an interferometer. For an optimal measurement [B. C. Sanders and G. J. Milburn, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 2944 (1995)], it yields a variance (\Delta \phi)^2 \simeq \pi^2/N^2, compared to O(N^{-1}) or O(N^{-1/2}) for states considered by previous authors. Such a measurement cannot be realized by counting photons in the interferometer outputs. However, we introduce an adaptive measurement scheme that can be thus realized, and show that it yields a variance in \phi very close to that from an optimal measurement.
Berry Dominic W.
Wiseman Howard M.
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