Optical communications for deep space missions

Physics – Optics

Scientific paper

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Data Links, Deep Space Network, Optical Communication, Radio Relay Systems, Spacecraft Communication, Instrument Errors, Pointing Control Systems, Pulse Position Modulation, Spacecraft Tracking

Scientific paper

Some preliminary design considerations, performance capabilities, and apparent problem areas are presented for a hypothetical optical deep space-relay system. In the considered system, a planetary deep space vehicle transmits its data through an optical link to the relay. The latter is a satellite in synchronous orbit and contains the necessary optics for receiving and processing the spacecraft transmissions. The collected data are then returned to earth via an RF or microwave terrestrial link. An RF link from the earth station to the spacecraft can be used for navigation, pointing, command, and auxiliary communications. An optical beacon is utilized from the relay back to the spacecraft to improve the pointing of the optical data return beam. Attention is given to several possible modulation techniques that could be used, taking into account on-off keying, pulse position modulation (PPM), pulse encoded PPM with hard decision decoding, and the tracking and pointing problem.

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