Optical coherence theory

Physics

Scientific paper

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Coherent Light, Interferometry, Lasers, Luminous Intensity, Quantum Mechanics, Correlation, Diffraction Patterns, Michelson Interferometers, Optical Polarization, Thermal Emission, Transient Response

Scientific paper

An account is given of optical coherence theory as it existed in the 1950s when, essentially, only thermal sources and slow detectors were available and it sufficed to characterize the coherence and polarization properties of an electromagnetic field by second-order correlation functions. The necessity for a more sophisticated specification of the coherence properties of fields, involving the use of higher-order correlation functions, first hinted at by the Hanbury-Brown-Twiss experiments and emphasized by the advent of the laser, is then introduced. Both classical and quantum mechanical treatments are discussed, each leading, in almost all cases of practical interest, to similar results. It is seen that the development of fast detectors enabled the higher-order correlation functions to be measured using photon counting techniques and an account of experimental work verifying the complete theory using such techniques is given.

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