Physics – Geophysics
Scientific paper
Aug 1980
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1980jatp...42..717f&link_type=abstract
Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, vol. 42, Aug. 1980, p. 717-731.
Physics
Geophysics
9
Atmospheric Scattering, Electromagnetic Wave Transmission, Radio Scattering, Scintillation, Signal Fading, Statistical Analysis, Fresnel Region, Geophysics, Histograms
Scientific paper
The statistics that best describe optical and radio signals that have been scattered by random refractive-index irregularities have presented an open question for some time. Different models have been used close to the medium (log-normal) and far from it (Rician), and signal behavior in the intermediate zone has been particularly difficult to characterize. The problem of a general and systematic description in all Fresnel-zone regimes and for all strengths of scatter is studied experimentally. Multifrequency, phase-coherent radio signals transmitted through the ionosphere are used to obtain a bivariate representation of complex-signal statistics, and conclusions based on the chi-square tests of four hypotheses against histograms of intensity and phase are then formed. It is found that neither the log-normal nor the Gaussian generalization of Rician statistics provides a generally valid and complete description of scintillation but that a two-component model based upon them does. It is suggested, further, that equal or superior efficacy might be achieved from a simpler model based on the Nakagami distribution for intensity and the normal distribution for phase. At present no such model exists that can also account for correlation between intensity and phase, which is a salient feature of the observations.
Fremouw Edward J.
Livingston R. C.
Miller Amber D.
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