On the Power of Two-Party Quantum Cryptography

Details On the Power of Two-Party Quantum Cryptography On the Power of Two-Party Quantum Cryptography

2009-02-24

arxiv.org/abs/0902.4036v2

ASIACRYPT 2009, LNCS 5912, pages 70-87, 2009

Physics

Quantum Physics

28 pages, v2: major revision in presentation of results, some simplified proofs. Appeared at ASIACRYPT 2009

Scientific paper

We study quantum protocols among two distrustful parties. Under the sole assumption of correctness - guaranteeing that honest players obtain their correct outcomes - we show that every protocol implementing a non-trivial primitive necessarily leaks information to a dishonest player. This extends known impossibility results to all non-trivial primitives. We provide a framework for quantifying this leakage and argue that leakage is a good measure for the privacy provided to the players by a given protocol. Our framework also covers the case where the two players are helped by a trusted third party. We show that despite the help of a trusted third party, the players cannot amplify the cryptographic power of any primitive. All our results hold even against quantum honest-but-curious adversaries who honestly follow the protocol but purify their actions and apply a different measurement at the end of the protocol. As concrete examples, we establish lower bounds on the leakage of standard universal two-party primitives such as oblivious transfer.

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